The Saints of the Pentarchy Part 2: The Holy Archbishops of Jerusalem according to the First Millennium

The Holy Archbishops of Jerusalem according to the First Millennium

This list is a continuation of my series on the Patriarchs of the Pentarchy that were venerated in the First Millennium. 

• Part One: The Patriarchs of Constantinople
• Part Three: The Popes of Alexandria
• Part Four: The Patriarchs of Antioch
• Part Five: The Popes of Rome

Calendars

The calendars that I have used for this compilation come from the Patriarchates of Jerusalem, Constantinople, and Rome. 

Jerusalem

The Calendar of John Zosimus = Gérard Garitte, ed. and tr., Le Calendrier du Palestino-Géorgien du Sinaiticus 34 (Xe Siecle) (Brussels: Bollandist Society, 1958). John Zosimus was a Georgian monk and scribe who lived in Palestine in the tenth century, dying sometime around 990. He wrote a church calendar which survives in an autographed copy in Mount Sinai written in Georgian. The Calendar covers the entire year.

Constantinople

The Typicon of the Great Church = Juan Mateos, ed. and tr., Le Typicon de la Grande Église, Volume 1 (Rome: 1962). The Typicon shows the church calendar used in the Hagia Sophia at the middle of the tenth century. It relies on two manuscripts:

Codex H (Holy Cross Monastery Codex 40) is dated by Mateos to the years 950-970, with 950-959 being the more probable. Venance Grumel however dates the ms. to the end of the tenth century, and believes it to be an edited copy of an earlier work. [Venance Grumel, 'Le Typicon de la Grande Église d'apres le Manuscrit de Sainte-Croix: Datation et Origine', Analecta Bollandia, 85 (1967), 45-57] Regardless the ms. certainly seems to be from the tenth century. This manuscript covers the entire year, with only a few days at the end of August absent.

Codex P (Patmos Codex 266) is dated from the second half of the ninth century to the first half of the tenth. This manuscript covers the entire year. 

Rome

The Martyrology of Usuard = Jacques Dubois, ed., Le Martyrologe d'Usuard: Texte et Commentaire (Brussels: Bollandist Society, 1965). Usuard was a monk who produced a Martyrology during the 9th century. Dubois used the 9th century MS. "Bibliotheque Nationale de Paris, Manuscript Latin 13745" which is available online in a scanned copy here.

A Note on the Dating

The dates of the Patriarchs are taken from Venance Grumel, La Chronologie (Paris: 1958), pp. 451─452. Many of the early bishops are of indeterminable dates.

List of the Archbishops of Jerusalem

Simeon (?─?)

Usuard, p. 183 [MS. fol. 17r] (Feb. 18)

Zachaeus (?─?)

Usuard, p. 288 [MS. fol. 59v] (Aug. 28)

Matthias (?─?)

Usuard, p. 171 [MS. fol. 13r] (Jan. 30)

John I (II) (?─?)

Le Calendrier, pp. 106 (Nov. 26 & 27) & 108 (Dec. 7)

Narcissus (?─?)

Usuard, p. 330 [MS. fol. 75v] (Oct. 29)

Alexander (?─?)

Le Calendrier, p. 61 (Apr. 21); Le Typicon, p. 295 (May 16) [Codices P & H]; Usuard, p. 196 [MS. fols. 22v─23r] (Mar. 18)

Ephrem (?─?)

Le Calendrier, p. 66 (May 12)

Marcus (?─?)

Usuard, p. 326 [MS. fol. 74r] (Oct. 22)

Macarius (314─333)

Le Calendrier, pp. 49 (Feb. 7), 84 (Aug. 16) & 100 (Oct. 28).

Maximus II (333─350)

Le Calendrier, p. 86 (Aug. 26)

Cyril (350─386)

Le Calendrier, pp. 55 (Mar. 17 & 18) & 116 (5th Sunday of Lent); Le Typicon, p. 251 (Mar. 18) [Codices H & P]

Cyril of Jerusalem (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Serbian_Fresco_Icon_of_Saint_Cyril_of_Jerusalem.jpg)

Praylius (417─422)

Le Calendrier, p. 86 (Aug. 27)

Juvenal (422─458)

Le Calendrier, pp. 75─76 (Jul. 1); Le Typicon, p. 329 (Jul. 2) [Codex P]

Martyrius (478─486)

Le Calendrier, pp. 59─60 (Apr. 12 & 13), 74 (Jun. 25) & 100 (Oct. 27)

Sallustius (486─494)

Le Calendrier, p. 80 (Jul. 24)

John II (III) (516─524)

Le Calendrier, pp. 55 (Mar. 20) & 57 (Mar. 29); Le Typicon, p. 261 (Mar. 29) [Codices P & H]

Peter (524─552)

Le Calendrier, pp. 77 (Jul. 7) & 106 (Nov. 26)

Eustochius (553─564)

Le Calendrier, p. 90 (Sep. 14) 

John III (IV) (574─594)

Le Calendrier, pp. 61 (Apr. 19), 77 (Jul. 9) & 110 (Dec. 15)

Zachary (609─631)

Le Calendrier, pp. 47 (Jan. 31) & 100 (Oct. 27 & 28); Le Typicon, p. 237 (Feb. 21) [Codices P & H]

Modestus (632─634)

Le Calendrier, pp. 57 (Mar. 29) & 110─111 (Dec. 17 & 18); Le Typicon, pp. 71 (Oct. 19) [Codices P & H] & 133 (Dec. 16) [Codices P & H]

Modestus of Jerusalem (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mural_depicting_Saint_Modestus_of_Jerusalem_on_June_9,_2022.jpg)

Sophronius (634─638)

Le Calendrier, pp. 54 (Mar. 10 & 11) & 65─66 (May 11); Le Typicon, p. 247 (Mar. 10) [Codices P & H]

Sophronius of Jerusalem (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sophronius_of_Jerusalem,_Menologion_of_Basil_II.png)

Theodore (754─?)

Le Calendrier, p. 46 (Jan. 26)

George (?─807)

Le Calendrier, p. 59 (Apr. 7)

Thomas (807─821)

Le Calendrier, pp. 66─67 (May 16).

Basil (821─839)

Le Calendrier, p. 76 (Jul. 2)

Solomon (860─865)

Le Calendrier, p. 50 (Feb. 14)

Potential Venerations

Elias

Le Calendrier for January 27 (p. 46) commemorates "Elias Patriarch of Jerusalem". There are three potential candidates for this commemoration:

• Elias I (494─516)
• Elias II (770─797)
• Elias III (879─907)

Garritte believes that the Elias venerated on January 27 is probably Elias II [Le Calendrier, p. 143]. On the other hand, the incredible website, The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity, lists this Elias as Elias I [http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E02893].

Sergius

Le Calendrier commemorates on June 15 and October 14 "Patriarch Sergius" (pp. 72 & 97). Two patriarchs named Sergius have been bishops of Jerusalem (843─859 & 907─911), but our calendar does not specify whether only one of the two patriarchs was venerated or whether both were venerated. 

All Bishops of Jerusalem

On the 17th of May, Le Calendrier commemorates "all the Patriarchs of Jerusalem from James to Modestus" (p. 67) and on September 27th, Le Calendrier commemorates "all the Patriarchs of Jerusalem" (pp. 92─93). 

It is unclear to me the extent of those commemorated. A "maximalist" interpretation will include all the bishops of Jerusalem from James to at least Solomon; a "minimalist" view will only take those whose names are already listed elsewhere on the calendar.